W2C Uttarkhand
   

PH Sensor data

Date:
Indicator:

This data was collected by W2C in March 2023 in Uttarakhand.
We have three methods through which we collect data.
First, we take raft rides and drag sensors through the water.
Second, we hang our sensors from a tube and take point samples.
And lastly, we collect water samples for lab processing.

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Outdoor Bathing Water Quality Standards:

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml ≤ 500
6.5 < pH < 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 5 mg/L
BOD ≤ 5 days 20C 3 mg/L or less

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal Standards :

6.0 < pH < 8.5
Electrical Conductivity ≤ 2250 uS/cm at 25°C
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) Max. 26
Boron Max. 2 mg/L

https://cpcb.nic.in/water-quality-criteria/

NO3 Sensor data

Date:
Indicator:

This data was collected by W2C in March 2023 in Uttarakhand.
We have three methods through which we collect data.
First, we take raft rides and drag sensors through the water.
Second, we hang our sensors from a tube and take point samples.
And lastly, we collect water samples for lab processing.

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Outdoor Bathing Water Quality Standards:

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml ≤ 500
6.5 < pH < 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 5 mg/L
BOD ≤ 5 days 20C 3 mg/L or less

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal Standards :

6.0 < pH < 8.5
Electrical Conductivity ≤ 2250 uS/cm at 25°C
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) Max. 26
Boron Max. 2 mg/L

https://cpcb.nic.in/water-quality-criteria/

Lab Data

Date:
Indicator:

This is data collected via a water sample (not continuous moving sensors) and sent to the lab for testing.
This data has been tested by Devansh Testing & Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd
www.dtrlab.org

Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board

Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board - Sewage Treatment Plants

Year-month:
Indicator:

Coordinates for STP locations are estimates based on research (they are not exact, nor have they been verified by UKPCB).

Note: In 2023, the capacity for ‘Salawala STP’ is given as 0.71 MLD whereas in all other years it is given as 0.72 MLD.

https://ueppcb.uk.gov.in/pages/display/184-sewage-treatment-plant-(stp)

https://cpcb.nic.in/general-standards/
(note: see section 7 in annexure A)
Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board - Surface Metals

Year-month:
Indicator:

Coordinates for monitoring locations are estimates based on research (they are not exact, nor have they been verified by UKPCB).
https://ueppcb.uk.gov.in/pages/display/96-water-quality-data
Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board - Water Quality Information

Year-month:
Indicator:

Coordinates for measuring locations are estimates based on research (they are not exact, nor have they been verified by UKPCB). 'Not Detected', 'Below Detection Limit', and 'Less Than' values have been modified.

http://utrenvis.nic.in/water%20data.html
https://ueppcb.uk.gov.in/pages/display/96-water-quality-data

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Outdoor Bathing Water Quality Standards:

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml <= 500
6.5 < pH < 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen >= 5 mg/L
BOD <= 5 days 20C 3 mg/L or less

https://cpcb.nic.in/water-quality-criteria/

Bhuvan

Bhuvan LULC

This data has been accessed via Bhuvan - Indian Geo-Platform of ISRO. It is Land-Use-Land-Cover data from 2015-16.
https://gis-siidcul.com/
Bhuvan Land Degragation

This data has been accessed via Bhuvan - Indian Geo-Platform of ISRO. It shows sheet erosion around Haridwar & Rishikesh.
https://gis-siidcul.com/

Industries

SIIDCUL industries

This data has been scraped from the State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd. (SIIDCUL)'s GIS portal.
https://gis-siidcul.com/

Global data

Population Density

This data was developed by the Data for Good at META project and has been downloaded from the Humanitarian Data Exchange portal.
https://data.humdata.org/
WRI Powerplants

This data has been downloaded from the World Resources Institute website.
https://datasets.wri.org/dataset/globalpowerplantdatabase
Hydrosheds: Rivers

This data has been downloaded from the HydroSHEDS Project. These are rivers which have a catchment area of at least 10 km² or an average river flow of at least 0.1 m³/sec, or both
https://www.hydrosheds.org/
Hydrosheds: Waste Treatment Plants

This data has been downloaded from the HydroSHEDS Project. This wastewater treatment plant database was developed by combining national and regional datasets.
https://www.hydrosheds.org/

About
   

Water-to-Cloud (W2C)

The Water-to-Cloud (W2C) project maps water quality using in-situ cyber-physical systems. W2C aims to create a unique, curated, publicly available repository of reliable water quality information from rivers across India to drive actions to improve the health of Indian water bodies and empower civil society organizations with quality information so that water resources may be more effectively managed.

The primary beneficiaries of our project are, firstly, population bodies spread across urban and rural India whose socio-economic lives are affected by the proximity of rivers—estimated at 400 million people in 2019.

Secondly, by democratizing access to water quality information, journalists, environmental workers, and civil society organizations will be able to visualize vast amounts of public environmental data that isn’t readily available, not because it is confidential, but because it is not machine readable nor is it curated effectively.

Since 2017, W2C has collected data in the Ganga, Godavari, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna rivers as well as in Bangalore Lakes and one-off projects with the Uttar Pradesh and Punjab pollution control boards. The W2C program was piloted in the Godavari River to observe industrial pollution, domestic sewage, anthropogenic activity in ghat areas and effects from religious holidays.

Something about how the sensor method is so that BOD and COD could be predicted using in-situ data, thus creating a low-cost, scalable, and quick monitoring approach that leverages IoTs for large-scale river mapping.

Most recently (March 2023), we completed fieldwork in Uttarakhand with the support of Windlas Biotech

W2C Uttarakhand Pilot Portal

Access to water quality information in India is fragmented and presented without contextual data. We imagine a pan-India portal where information is presented as a ‘geo-pixel’  (of land or water) against which relevant data and metadata, such as water quality parameters, population and settlement structures, proximity of industries and treatment plants, rainfall and other meteorological data is presented.

The convoluted and varied landscape of water quality information makes it difficult even for skilled scientists but certainly impossible for citizens and organizations to be present in the policy making process. The communication of water quality information determines how decisions are made about individual and societal actions (locations of industrial areas, urbanization, waterfront development, etc) and is crucial to creating a visible link between people and data.

Data

W2C uses mobile, time-stamped and geo-tagged cyber physical sensors to monitor water quality, generating high resolution data (approximately ~1000 data points in 3 hours over 10sqkm of water). We measure pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, colored dissolved organic matter, nitrate, ammonia and tryptophan fluorescence, based on the availability of sensors. We also do point sampling to measure Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), fecal coliform, total suspended solids, major ions and heavy metals through lab analysis.

  • pH
  • Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
  • Temperature
  • Turbidity
  • Electrical Conductivity
  • Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
  • Nitrate
  • Ammonia
  • Tryptophan
  • Salinity (PSU)
  • Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
  • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
References
  • https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/wash-documents/water-safety-and-quality/dwq-guidelines-4/gdwq4-with-add1-chap12.pdf?sfvrsn=25f9bc23_3
  • https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/guidelines-for-drinking-water-quality-4th-ed.-incorporating-the-1st-addendum-(chapters)